I love Italy (though, that now all surprised?), But rather few cities in which I wanted to b live. I have visited or used the idea that "here I would have used flat."
Brescia somehow captivated me in this regard. When
than the first My visit to this town was not marked very good weather.
I can explain what the ideality of the town. It is close to Milan (one hour) a major transportation center, so that residents there have no problems with direct flights. To me it's important. He is quiet and cozy. He is on the north of Italy, I love the south, but I think live is better in the north.
begin?
official video about the day in Brescia , taken from the site of the municipality. Left you will see links to other virtual tour on this campus.
What I nasnimali recent visit from your phone? ccylka to open the album in contact .
a long talk with words. Lots and lots of letters.
The origins of the city takes in the IV century BC, when the valley of the Po river came insubry, an ancient Celtic people, the Romans conquered the II century. BC It was the Romans gave the name of the settlement, known to us-Brixia. In 41 BC, the inhabitants of the city received Roman citizenship, while retaining a certain amount of administrative autonomy.
started well, quiet, quiet life.
from the Romans in Brescia has remained very much. As buildings and treasures. For example, in the regional museums the city is even a vending machine of ancient Roman coins. He stands next to the coffee maker Lavazza, similar in meaning, omit the euro, but instead of coffee you fall ancient Roman coin. A lot of them, little things that Roman, found in the land of Brescia. That could afford such a service for tourists.
quiet life just ended at the beginning of V century, as in the period from 402 to 493 simply can not count the number of barbarian invasions: Visigoths and Alaric with , and Attila the Huns with , and Herulians with Odoacer , and the Ostrogoths of Theodoric - all the great warriors of V century was marked on a given territory. The latter, osgoty detained in Brescia until the middle of VI century, in 568, the city became the principality in the kingdom of the Lombards.
By the end of the Middle Ages, in the XII century, Brescia was proclaimed an independent municipality, but as often happens in Italy at that time ... quickly fell under the sway of the Visconti family . November 24, 1426 the city passed into the possession of Venice, which greatly affected the architectural component. Walking is now the ancient streets, you can often find typical Venetian windows.
In consequence it refers to the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom , during the Risorgimento, the struggle for political unification of Italy, the city scored a popular uprising, which became the country's history under the title "Ten Days of Brescia, and the city earned the nickname" Lioness of Italy ".
will make his retreat to talk about this uprising, and then in the history books in Russian, it is reflected as a sluggish for my taste.
These days occurred from March 23 to April 1, 184 9 year. Rebelled against the rule of Austria. Harbinger of events in Brescia were "five days in Milan, from 18 to 22 March 184 8 year when Milan, Como and Bergamo, rebelled against the Austrian garrison, forcing retreat of Marshal Joseph Radetzky . Immediately after the fight entered the kingdom of Sardinia and , whose armies had a decisive battle with the Radetsky go under the walls of Verona. It all relates to first war of independence (yes, the Russian version of events has a different name, but we're talking about Italy, so that this war has a name -First War of Independence).
outcome of this battle was a truce Salasko. Ah, again, the Russian-language sources are stingy on the information. Bear with me. Thus, despite the success the March uprising in Milan and win Sardinians at Verona, the war continued. The troops of Marshal Radetzky besieged Mantua. Austrians have a more convenient strategic position. Tuscan heroically defended, but the May 30, 1848 the fortress fell. Approached Radetzky and reinforcements from the Tyrol, which allowed he will return to Vicenza, where to regroup and launch a new attack on the army of the kingdom of Sardinia. June 23-25 occurred the first battle in Kustotse , from there the rainy
4 August the city was forced to ask for an armistice. August 5 and the armistice was signed in Salasko. The result was his almost complete exodus of the civilian population. When 6, forces Radetzky logged in Milan, we saw absolutely empty streets. People are completely left the city.
I specifically made a reservation for the event prior to the uprising. Yes. time was hot. Hand on heart, wherever includes native German tongue-joy small. Probably in hell speak German ... All the great and bloody war with their participation. A mystery to me that even though someone can not tolerate their language, how to study , Well, not about now.
Many cities have distinguished heroism, there were great battles, but that Brescia has earned the name "lioness of Italy".
After the signing of the said above the truce, of course, that the Austrians went on to wreak destruction and havoc in its path. If we talk about March 1949, March 20 of them suffered Permont, 23 - Novara.
In Brescia also gave a terrifying robbery Julius Jacob von Hainan (funny that he actually bastard in the literal sense of the word, that is illegitimate son).
March 23 - people took to the streets to protest against Hainan.
March 24 - Austrians begin bombing the city from all possible tools.
25 March-citizens strengthened the city walls. Hainan requests reinforcements from Mantua.
March 26 - less by the insurgents Brescia stopped and the approaching reinforcements.
March 27 - Austrians are beginning to attempt to destroy the historical value of the city: the Cathedral, Theater.
March 28 - Austrian army changed its tactics, to replace the bombed came tactic of using snipers.
March 29 - a proposal to surrender the city's defense committee decides to defend the city until the last man.
March 30 - in response to the city taking in the dense ring.
March 31 - the city contracted new battalions of Austrians. On another offer of surrender city broke the ringing of bells, which did not stop, despite once again began all-out bombing and an attack on all fronts.
1 April-city pal.Tysyachi corpses. Austrian army entered the city from pillage and massacre of those who were not able to kill in the previous days of the uprising.
It Brescia is Brest Fortress Italy, forcing appear lump in my throat from the courage of defenders and hate the military, speaking in German.
It's good to know when visiting Brescia, because these 10 days gave a fairly large number of characters, their names, you'll meet in the street names: Tito Speri (head of the rebels), Pietro Boifava di Serle, Pietro Chiodi, Luigi Usanza and so on.
But back to the city's history. In 1860 he enters the Korolestvo Italy.
But on the arms of entrenched Lioness.
By the way, the city of Brescia has been awarded and a silver medal for valor, for the sacrifices of its people and its activities in the partisan struggle during the Second World War.
What language is spoken here? it is clear that in Italian, but then there is a dialect.
In fact, my passion as it attracts, for some reason especially in Lombardy, which is so small the territory of so many different dialects: Milanesi, Bergamo (I saw a T-shirt on the streets of Bergamo with the inscription on the dialect.
-What does it say? "- asked I am an Italian-philologist, he was beside me.
-I do not understand, "was my reply.
From Milan to Bergamo, an hour away by car. it's like coming to a Muscovite Zvenigorod did not understand the dialect of the local population. In my opinion, this is fascinating).
Thus, the dialect of Brescia. To date, according to statistics, it says About 1.6 million people, uses in everyday life, approximately half of owning. This dialect Bresciano - is an offshoot of the Lombard language relating to the Gallo-Italic group of Romance languages. Very zavorocheno? It is believed that the origin of language takes from Vulgar Latin. In particular, in Brescia is a vulgar Latin, which mastered lived here at one time the Gauls.
Compared to the modern Italian language, Bresciano has a number of phonetic features.
-Voiced consonants / B /, / d /, / g /, / v /, / z /, / ʤ / never occur at the end of words.
- Phonemes / ʧ / pronounced as [j].
- The sound [s] is replaced by the sound [h], so the "gap" is pronounced as [brɛhɔ] instead of Italian [brɛsɔ]. exception to the rule only "thank you" - grasie (it. grazie), which will be read as [grasje], although the elderly on the streets of Brescia, sometimes you can hear and [grahʧe].
-Another feature is swallowing a consonant, which linguists call the assimilation of total occlusion, show the examples of expressions and their transcriptions:
el g'ha fat pàla [ɛlgafap ː ala], t - not pronounced, as in el gat bianc [ɛlgab ː jaŋk].
That is, when two consonants, one does not pronounce.
If we take the grammatical features they are the verbs that, unlike in Italian, does not correlate with the number of those who perform actions. Even more complicated system use pronouns.
But language, of course, strongly reminiscent of classic Italian:
'na gàta / dò gàte (una gatta / due gatte) one cat / two cats.
'na fómna / dò fómne (una donna / due donne) one woman, two women.
Numerals similarity: una (IT)-na (br) - one (Rus), due (IT) - dò (br) - Two (Rus) ...
"disappearing" the first vowel, as opposed to an Italian, a frequent phenomenon in the Bresciano. This is evident in the uncertain the article: en ('n) - masculine singular, ena (' na)-feminine singular, except that there is: dèi - plural masculine, dèle-plural the number of female gender.
can understand, though full of nuances, such as education superlatives as adding fés at the end of an adjective, instead of the usual Italian issimo:
l'è bèl fés (è bellissimo) - beautiful.
That is, on hearing a hissing Bole language, familiar to us than Italian.
If we talk about some of the charming nuances, then there are the following:
- two different words translated as "water" - Aiva and Aigua - but they have different values in the Bresciano. The first more extensive. Water is then there is a river and the sea. A second more obihodnoe, as written in the dictionary - "that is used for irrigation of strawberries."
- BRÜSACÜL, without translation, it's so red edible berries, that grows in the foothills of Brescia. Sounds magical, right?
- Separately, in the Bresciano each finger has its own name: armilì - pinky, spusalì - untitled (to which suit wedding ring), matalonga - Medium, netaöcc - index, schissapiöcc - big, but the last long word is often replaced by the more capacious-Dit, that is just a "finger" - is great. Though very similar to the usual Italian finger-Dito.
But it's better to focus on people:
-Baloss do translate as "smart", but praise it? If a more accurate translation in Russian, it was "too smart", ie someone who uses their brain to deceive, cause harm to another. But not "crafty." That's it, "helluva lot of clever."
- Caadèncc soon translate to sound like "dentist," but also "smart" it is a bit sarcastic, pejorative meaning in reality. In past centuries in the piazza Loggia tore teeth without a hint of anesthesia ... Somehow it's very memorable people, not in a positive way.
- caàgn (a basket-savagna in Italian), but Bresciano word also used to describe a slight man who sometimes can be very useful. The right word, like a basket.
- saalér, many who are familiar with Italian language, just say - cavaliere, cavalier, that is, a knight, however, is not that easy ... In the so-called Brescia plant-moth, which is grown here.
- cualéa - untranslatable dialect pronunciation of the word is usually accompanied by a characteristic gesture. Means any danger, then, what you should pay more attention.
- enmagà - is the ability to trick, deceive, but to do so charmingly, in contrast to baloss enmagà word has a positive coloration. Sometimes he used to love the lexicon, means a person tortured love.
- farabolano - "Duck", gossip, or a woman who carries them.
- magu - sentimental melancholy result of the ongoing internal concerns. There is no exact translation into Italian. Oddly enough, but it is easier to translate into Russian.
- opol - trusting people exploited others for its good quality.
- sanàer - senior idiot, whose greatness is inversely proportional to the position of his brain.
I'm trying to push these facts in mind, what wonderful people in this city. Who so heroically independent, and that has a dialect that's such untranslatable words describing people. And pay attention to what people they are focused.
At this point I will finish the first part.
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